How Is a Heart Attack Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on the symptoms of heart attack, family and personal history and results of diagnostic tests.
ECG (electrocardiogram)

This test detects and records electrical activity heart. Some changes in the electrical waves in the ECG, there are signs of a heart attack. ECG May shows that if you have arrhythmia (heart), heart attack (and conditions) may result.
Blood

Previous heart attack, heart muscle cells and Shattered, and for some proteins in the blood. A blood test to measure the amount of this protein in the blood. Above the normal level of this protein in the blood are signs of heart attack.

As a general rule, used in the tests, including blood, troponin, CK and CK-MB test, test, and myoglobin in serum. A blood test, as is often repeated to confirm the change, from time to time.
Coronary

Coronary Angiography is the X-ray examination of blood vessels and heart. This is often due to a heart attack with coronararterierne block.

Doctor Catheter pass through (a bit flexible tube) to the artery of the arm or Pahu (thigh), and heart. This procedure is called a heart catheterization, coronary angiography is one of the parties.

Color as seen in X-rays, blood is introduced into the Catheter to the Council Chamber. Color, which allows doctors to check the flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels.

If the block of the second procedure, called angioplasty, can be used to restore blood flow in the artery of art. Sometimes during angioplasty, doctors found that the stable (a small mesh tube) to the artery to preserve the art artery open.

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How Can a Heart Attack Be Prevented?

To reduce the risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) can help prevent heart attack. (See: "Who the risk heart attack?") Although the DAC, you can still take steps to reduce the risk of heart attack.

Reducing the risk of heart attack usually means a healthy lifestyle. May is also required for the treatment of diseases that increase the risk.
Selection of healthy lifestyle

Health decision-making to prevent heart attack include:

* When in the low-fat diet rich in fruits and vegetables. Note: Number and type of fat in the diet. Food with low salinity. Changes contribute to high blood pressure and cholesterol in the blood.
Weight in overweight or obese.
* End of smoking.
* Make physical activity to improve cardiovascular health. Ask your doctor and how many types of physical activity safe for you.

Treatment conditions

In addition to lifestyle changes can prevent heart attacks in the treatment, the likelihood of heart attack have:

* High blood cholesterol. You need medication to lower your cholesterol if diet and exercise is not enough.
* High blood pressure. They need medication for blood pressure under control.
* Diabetes (hyperglycemia). If you have diabetes, your blood sugar in the diet and physical activity (such as doctors recommend). If necessary, medication.

Emergency Action Plan

Make sure you consider if you or someone in your family have a heart attack. This is especially important if you have a high risk or heart attack.

Talk to your doctor about the signs and symptoms of heart attack at any time 9-1-1 steps you can do until medical assistance is listed.

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Heart Attack - Treatments and drugs

During a heart attack, take immediate action. The following steps:

* Call for emergency medical assistance. If you have a heart attack, I think, do not hesitate. Call 911 or your local emergency number. If health care, you will have access to the nearest emergency hospital. Driving only a last resort, if there is no choice. Driving: Do you own and other people in danger if the situation deteriorates.
Nitroglycerin all *. If your doctor has prescribed nitroglycerin, the direction of the bend is awaiting emergency medical personnel.

If someone, heart attack, training for first aid and emergency medical cases in the search, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is started can be found unconscious. This makes the body and the spirit of oxygen. If training is not an emergency procedure, doctors recommend skipping the mouth rescue breathing and go directly to chest compression. If the 100 chest compressions per minute.

The first day, this heart attack, ventricular fibrillation, which can lead to heart conditions vibrates unnecessarily. Emergency will result in sudden death by ventricular fibrillation. For emergency care in the normal rhythm of the heart attack that has a heart for the first shocks (AED) automated external defibrillator use, reaching the hospital.

When a hospital emergency, and we, of course, heart attack, can be treated with medications and invasive procedures, or both to spend - determine the amount of violence and damage to the heart is for you.

Drugs
Every minute, after a heart attack, network, lack of oxygen and die, or worse. Rapid recovery of blood to prevent progressive damage to the main road.

Medicine in the treatment of heart attack include:

* Aspirin. Aspirin on arrival emergency medical personnel or hospital can be reached. Aspirin to prevent blood and the blood that help blood vessels to narrow. Time to take aspirin in touch with your doctor if you have symptoms of heart attack.
* Thrombolytics. This drug, known as clot-Busters to help the blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart. But after a heart attack you have received trombolytische drugs, there is still opportunity to minimize injury and to heart.
* Superaspirins. Doctors in many places such as other drugs aspirin to prevent new clots and can do so. Type this (Plavix) Clopidogrel and including other drugs have platelet IIb / IIIA receptor blockers.
Dilution * Other blood products. Heparin as a blood "sticky" and less dangerous and less likely to cause, other medication. Heparin intravenously, and usually the first administration or injection under the skin for days after a heart attack is used.
* Analjezik are. If chest pain or pain in May and most of the pain, like morphine, they will help the problem.
* Nitroglycerin. Drugs, arterial blood vessels to the chest pain (angina pectoris) and heart blood flow by increasing the treatment used.
* Beta-blockers. This product is to reduce blood pressure and heart function and to slow the heart rate to help the heart muscles relax. Beta blockers for myocardial injury is limited and in the future to prevent heart attack.
* Low cholesterol drugs. Example of statins, niacin, fibrates and bile acid sequestrants include. If the heart attack immediately after the data to improve the life of the product and helps reduce blood cholesterol levels can be a useful and unwanted.

Operations and procedures
Drugs in the month of May, as in the treatment of heart attack is one of the following:

* Angioplasty and coronary services tax. Emergency coronary angioplasty, the more blood Charter to open the main road is blocked. If your doctor has a long, thin tube through the arteries and feet (Catheter), usually as a blocked heart artery. Balloon catheters have a tip. Then during a balloon tip to begin to grow blocked coronary arteries. At the same time each metal stent can be placed and remain open long artery, blood flow to the heart. Depending on the situation, the doctor for medication stent to keep arteries open space covered with a slow release of the decision.

Angioplasty and coronary coronary catheterization (angiography), a procedure that doctors and the first to find the heart and the vascular contraction. To get a heart angioplasty for treatment, the sooner the better. If the days or weeks after the angioplasty performed in May, blocked blood vessels, strong, but there is no advantage.
* Surgical revascularisation. In rare cases, doctors surgery for heart attack in May that emergency operations are applied. Arteries and coronary arteries or veins outside the CABG parking congestion or decreased (one part) was due to heart and blood. Or doctor suggested this procedure to recover from heart attack when the heart is time.

Blood and circulatory system and heart after a heart attack after returning to a stable condition, the hospital can be a perception. Because physical and emotional stress on the heart, you must rest. Visitors are usually limited to family and friends.

Recovery
The goal of emergency treatment as a result of a heart attack, heart blood and tissue shows that saved. Next target treatment to promote healing for the heart and the second is to prevent heart attack.

In early May, a number of hospitals offer heart rehabilitation program at the hospital, and severity of attacks for a period of several weeks, several months after you return. Heart rehabilitation programs generally have three main areas - drugs, lifestyle changes and a focus on emotional problems.

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Heart Attack - Initial Treatment

The first goal is to minimize the damage by restoring blood flow to the heart and to determine the extent of damage, the heart of the network. It is important that your doctor immediately if you suspect a heart attack. Wide research in 20 years or more has shown that immediate treatment is to minimize the damage caused by heart attack and increase the possibility of life.

Development of irregular heart heart rhythms (arrhythmia) or stop beating (cardiac arrest) during a heart attack. When the heart does not pump blood through the body, brain damage and death can occur within minutes.

Flight ambulance personnel to assess the situation quickly and lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to measure the electrical activity of the heart. If the patient is in cardiac arrest or heart rhythm disturbance called a defibrillator device can be used to "shock" of a normal heart rhythm.

Flight ambulance personnel for the management and treatment of drugs that help blood clot and open coronararterierne blocks blood flow to the heart back to normal. If treatment is started 1 hour, the symptoms in less than in May, will cause irreparable damage.

Even before the coming emergency personnel kardiopulmonal resuscitation (CPR) that can be done if the patient's heartbeat and can not be observers. CPR is a combination of breathing and chest compressions. The goal of CPR automated external defibrillators available in some public places (eg airports, shopping malls, large office buildings). Defibrillators for home use are available without a prescription. Recently in the past have shown that the process of resuscitation cardiocerebral to help improve results for patients who have experienced heart attack outside the hospital. Cardiocerebral resuscitation, emergency treatment, personal breast for about 2 minutes (200 compression), CPR and defibrillator use in a normal shock and, if necessary.

If the patient is in cardiac arrest, this procedure is repeated 3 times. Resuscitation May Cardiocerebral administration epinephrine (a drug-design of the blood vessels), as soon as possible, but each round of 200 chest compressions.

Research has shown that cooling the body temperature between 89.6 ° C 93.2 ° F and can help prevent brain damage in patients with cardiac arrest who survived more than a few minutes. This treatment, known as mild hypothermia therapy started as soon as possible after the patient has and will continue to increase until 12:24. Cooling blankets, ice bags, fuel, and the vein (IV) solution that can be used for the patient's body temperature.

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The signs and symptoms of heart attack

If you have a heart attack, call 9-1-1 or the emergency doctor immediately.

Some heart attacks are sudden and intense - the "movie heart attack" when there is no doubt that happened. However, at least in the early heart attacks, anxiety or pain. Often people do not know that he will not wait too long. This symbol may mean that heart attack is happening:

*
Anxiety in the chest. Most heart attacks involve any interference from the center of the chest that lasts more than several hours or he will be back. Pressure is not comfortable, pressure or pain in their entirety.
* Stress and other body parts. Symptoms can include more, or the failure of one or both hands, back, neck, jaw and stomach.
* The lack of air. Can occur with or without chest discomfort.
* Other signs: These include irregularities in a cold sweat, nausea or light

As in the case of men, women, mostly from heart attack symptom is chest pain or confusion. However, women tend to be male and the other common symptoms, including shortness of breath, nausea / vomiting and back pain and jaw.

If you have a box or disorders, especially with one or more symptoms, they should not expect more than a few minutes (no more than 5) before calling for help. Call 9-1-1 ... Take them directly to the hospital.

Call 9-1-1 is almost always the fastest way to handle an emergency. Emergency personnel can begin treatment after arrival - one hour faster than any other hospital in the car. Employees are also preparing to revive a stopped heart. This also refers to a hospital quickly if the ambulance.

If you do not have access to emergency medical services (EMS), a person to immediately go to hospital. If you have any symptoms and will not work if there are other options.

What happens attacks?

Hospital to see the results of various examinations, the diagnosis of heart attack. Medical akan

* Check the full history of the patient.
* Maintain physical examination.
* With assistance from the electrocardiogram (KAR'de and E-lek-TRO) (ECG or EKG) is to realize the damage that is caused by abnormalities in the heart. ECG is a medical device such as a table to record the heart's electrical activity.
* Some of the blood to detect abnormal levels of certain enzymes in the blood.

A blood test to confirm (or deny) suspicions raised in the early stages of evaluation, which can lead to an emergency room or emergency care. Testing is a sign of heart damage and heart enzymes.

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Treatment of Heart Attack?

The question whether early treatment can prevent and limit damage to heart muscle. You can save the results of the first symptoms of heart attack. Before you can start the diagnosis and medical treatment in the hospital.

If, before the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment of suspected heart attack will begin immediately. These include:

* Oxygen
* To avoid large-scale and aspirin
* Nitroglycerin, the heart and increasing coronary blood flow, reduction of labor
* Chest pain

After the diagnosis of heart attack, or begin treatment as soon as possible to be wary of efforts to restore blood flow to the heart. Treatment, including medicines and medical procedures.
Drugs

Can be used to treat various types of heart attack drugs. Is as follows.
Trombolytische drugs

This drug (also) be used to combat a blood clot to dissolve clot blocks a coronary artery. To be effective, drugs must be determined after the start of the symptoms of heart attack within hours.
β - blockers

Working to reduce the medical center. β - blockers, chest pain and agitation are used to alleviate or prevent heart attack. β - blockers, arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) is used to improve.
Angiotensin enzyme (ACE conversion) inhibitor

Reduce the pressure on the heart and blood pressure medicine. Allows you to delay the further weakening of the heart muscle.
Anticoagulant

This medicine is too thin to prevent the formation of blood clots in the arteries.
Antiplatelet drugs

Medicine () such as aspirin and clopidogrel suspension of platelets (the type of blood cells) and form a mass of unnecessary war.
Other drugs

Agitation reduces the pain and medication for a heart attack when they can receive treatment arrhythmia that often occur.
Medical Procedures

To stop a heart attack if the drug is not possible, can be used, not how or doctors surgery. Application of this procedure.
Angioplasty

Can be used to open a thrombosis of the coronary arteries blocked by non-surgical. In angioplasty, a balloon on the tip of the Catheter (slightly flexible tube) is the thread that blocked coronary artery in the blood. When the ball is further support for the plaque in the arterial wall. In this part of the artery, restoring blood flow, and then developed.

In angioplasty, a small mesh tube stent in the artery open on Monday 5th Akan blocked stents coated with drugs can help prevent some arteries.
Operation for coronary artery bypass

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery, vein and artery, blockage of the coronary arteries in other parts of the body and accumulate (or bypass) has been reduced. This is a new way of providing blood to the heart muscle.
After the treatment, with discharge

Most people spend several days in the hospital after a heart attack. When released, this treatment does not stop. Welcome, you can use the heart of chemotherapy and rehabilitation (rehabilitation) per day. Doctor, lose weight, stop smoking and other lifestyle changes, and perhaps you should change the diet, increasing physical activity to a possible heart attack.
Recovery heart

May prescribe and rehabilitation to restore the middle of the heart, prevent heart attack. In a heart attack can benefit from rehabilitation. Rights and strengthen the heart muscle.

But the heart of the rehabilitation movement. This training, counseling and other risk factors studied. After a heart attack and how to rehabilitation to learn how to avoid another car.

Rehabilitation team is the heart, the doctor (general physician, cardiologist or surgeon), nurses, exercise specialists, physical doctor, psychologist or a doctor working with the action and diet.

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