Air pollution by particles can be caused by natural events and can also be caused by human activity, through industrial and technological activities. Particles that pollute the air and many different kinds, depending on the kinds and types of industrial activities and technologies available. About the kinds and types of air pollutant particles and pollution has many sources
In general, particles that pollute the air can damage the environment, plants, animals and humans. The particles are very harmful to human health. In general, air that has been contaminated by the particles can cause various respiratory diseases or pneumoconiosis.
By the time people breathe, air containing particles will be inhaled into the lungs. The size of particles (dust) that goes into the lungs will determine the position of attachment or deposition of these particles. Particle size less than 5 microns will be captured in the upper respiratory tract, while the particle size of 3 to 5 microns will be captured in the middle of the respiratory tract. Particles that are smaller, 1 to 3 microns, will enter the air sacs of lungs and attached to the alveoli. Smaller particles again, less than 1 micron, will come out as exhaled breath.
Pneumoconiosis is a respiratory disease caused by particles (dust) that enter or settle in the lungs. Pnemokoniosis diseases of many kinds, depending on the type of particles (dust) entering or inhaled into the lungs. Several types of pneumoconiosis disease is often found in areas that have many industrial activities and technologies, namely Silikosis, Asbestosis, Bisinosis, Antrakosis and berylliosis.
1. Silicosis disease
Silicosis disease caused by silica dust pollution-free, of SiO2, which is inhaled into the lungs and then settle. This free silica dust are common in iron and steel factories, ceramics, concrete casting, metal working workshop (filing, grinding, etc.). Furthermore, silica dust are also numerous in places where the cross-section of iron ore, tin and coal mines. The use of coal as a fuel also produce silica dust-free SiO2. At the time of burning, silica dust will come out and dispersed into the air together - together with other particles, like dust alumina, iron oxide and carbon in the form of ashes.
Silica dust into the lungs will have an incubation period of about 2 to 4 years. The incubation period will be shorter, or the disease silicosis symptoms will soon appear, if the concentration of silica in the air high enough and inhaled into the lungs in large quantities. Silicosis disease characterized by shortness of breath, accompanied by coughing. Ii cough is often not accompanied by phlegm. In behavior was silicosis, symptoms of shortness of breath, accompanied by visible and on examination fototoraks lung abnormalities easily observed. If the disease is severe silicosis is shortness of breath gets worse and then followed by the right heart hipertropi which will result in failure of the heart work.
Workplace potential for silica dust contaminated by the need to get control of occupational health and safety and strict environmental disease silicosis because there has been no proper cure. Preventive action is more important and significant than the act of treatment. Silicosis disease would be worse if the patient had previously been suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchitis, astma broonchiale and other respiratory diseases.
Supervision and regular health checks for workers will help prevent and control diseases due to work. Health data of workers before going to work, during work and after work needs to be noted for historical reflection if any worker illness - the time required.
2. Asbestosis DiseaseAsbestosis is a disease due to diseases caused by workplace dust or asbestos fibers that pollute the air. Asbestos is a mixture of various silicates, but the main thing is magnesium silicate. Asbestos dust often found in factories and industries that use asbestos, asbestos fiber mill, asbestos-roofed factories and so forth.
Asbestos dust is inhaled into the lungs will result in symptoms of shortness of breath and cough accompanied by phlegm. Fingertips sufferers will look bigger / wider. If done on sputum examination it will appear the asbestos dust in the sputum. Use of asbestos for a variety of purposes would be followed by an awareness of safety and environmental health in order not to cause this Asbestosis.
3. Byssinosis diseaseByssinosis disease is pneumoconiosis disease caused by breathing dust pollution or cotton fibers in the air and then inhaled into the lungs. Dust cotton or cotton fibers are often found in the cotton mills, textile factories, companies and cotton warehouse and a factory or other work that uses cotton or textiles, such as the making of mattresses, seat manufacturing and others.
The incubation period long enough bisinosis disease, which is about 5 years. Early signs of this disease bisinosis shortness of breath, chest feels heavy, especially on a Monday (ie the early days working on each week). Psychologically every day to work that Monday bisinosis disease burden felt in the chest and shortness of breath. Allergic reactions due to the cotton that goes into the respiratory tract is also an early symptom bisinosis. In the bisinosis advanced or severe, the disease is usually followed by chronic bronchitis disease and may also be accompanied by emphysema.
4. Anthracosis diseaseAnthracosis disease is a respiratory disease caused by coal dust. The disease is usually found in workers at a coal mine or workers who many involving the use of coal, as coal pengumpa in iron furnaces, locomotives (Stoker) and also on coal-powered ships, and workers at the central boiler Steam Power fuel coal.
The incubation period of this disease between 2 - 4 years. Like silicosis disease and diseases are also other pneumokonisosi, antrakosis disease is also marked by a sense of shortness of breath. Because the coal dust is sometimes also the silicate dust antrakosis disease also often accompanied by disease silicosis. If this happens then the illness is called silikoantrakosis. Antrakosis disease there are three kinds, namely pure antrakosis disease, disease silikoantraksosis and tuberkolosilikoantrakosis disease.
The disease is caused antrakosis pure coal dust. This disease takes a long time to be heavy, and relatively not so dangerous. Antrakosis disease becomes severe when accompanied by complications or emphysema which allows the death. If it happens then antrakosis pure emphysema heavier than the relatively rare silikoantraksosis followed by emphysema. Actually between pure antrakosis and silikoantraksosi difficult to distinguish, except from the source cause. While paenyakit tuberkolosilikoantrakosis more easily distinguished by two other antrakosis diseases. This difference is easily seen from fototorak which showed abnormalities in the lungs as a result of coal dust and silicate dust, as well as the tuberculosis bacillus that attacks the lungs.
5. Disease berylliosisThe air is polluted by the dust of beryllium metal, either in the form of pure metal, oxide, sulfate, or in the form of halogenida, can cause respiratory disease known as berylliosis. Metal dust can cause nasoparingtis, bronchitis and pneumonitis is characterized by symptoms of slight fever, dry cough and shortness of breath. Berylliosis disease can occur in industrial workers using beryllium alloy, copper, workers at the factory fluorescent, radio tube manufacturing and processing workers supporting the nuclear industry.
Apart from that, workers are many uses of zinc (in the form of silicate) and also manganese, can also cause disease berylliosis or delayed pending the so called berylliosis with chronic berylliosis. This delayed effect could be 5 years ago after stopping breathing air contaminated by the metal dust. So five years after the worker is no longer in the environment containing metal dust, berylliosis disease might arise. The disease is characterized by symptoms of tiredness, weight loss and shortness of breath decrease. Therefore, periodic health checks for workers involved with the workers using these metals need to be continued - again.
